Below are examples of using in-text citation. In-text references should always precede punctuation marks. In-text references should immediately follow the title, word, or phrase to which they are directly relevant, rather than appearing at the end of long clauses or sentences. Depression.В Д®stablishing regular routines, such as exercise, can help survivors of disasters recover from trauma (American Psychological Association, n.d.).ДЄmerican Psychological Association. More than 300 million people worldwide are affected by depression (World Health Organization, 2018). Social media use may harm teens' mental health by disrupting positive activities, study says. Heavy social media use can be linked to depression and other mental disorders in teensВ (Asmelash, 2019).ДЄsmelash, L.

For more information on citations for sources with noВ date or other missing informationВ see the page on missing reference information on the APA Style and Grammar Guidelines web page.Д«elow are examples of using in-text citation with web pages. (for no date) in place of the year: (Smith, n.d.). For sources with no author, use the title in place of an author.ДЇor sources with no date use n.d. Keep in mind that the author may be an organization rather than a person. University of Colorado, Boulder.Д¬ite web pages in text as you would any other source, using the author and date if known. Training strategies for improving listeners' comprehension of foreign-accented speechВ (Doctoral dissertation). Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 23(4), 245-259. Teaching native speakers to listen to foreign-accented speech. (2002) conducted their training with students preparing to be social workers, but note that other professionals who work with non-native speakers could benefit from a similar program.Дerwing, T.

Their training techniques are based on the research described above indicating that comprehension improves with exposure to non-native speech. More information on direct quotation of sources without pagination is given on the APA Style and Grammar Guidelines web page.ДЄ few researchers in the linguistics field have developed training programs designed to improve native speakers' ability to understand accented speech (DerwingВ et al., 2002 Thomas, 2004). For sources such as websites and e-books that have no page numbers, use a paragraph number, for example: (Field, 2005, para. For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list.ДЄPA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source.

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